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Table 2 Substance use profile of study participants on admission to hospital

From: Auricular acupuncture for chemically dependent pregnant women: a randomized controlled trial of the NADA protocol

 

Acupuncture n= 50

Control n= 39

P-value

Smoking, n (%) a

   

 Current

44 (88.0)

37 (94.9)

0.50

 Former

4 (8.0)

1 (2.6)

 

 Never

2 (4.0)

1 (2.6)

 

Cigarettes per day, mean (sd) b

13.0 (8.0)

12.4 (5.6)

0.83

Alcohol, n (%)a

   

 Daily

2 (4.1)

3 (7.7)

0.52

 Weekly

0

1 (2.0)

 

 Sporadically during month

8 (16.3)

8 (20.5)

 

 None

39 (79.8)

27 (69.2)

 

Heroin, n (%)a

   

 Daily

19 (38.0)

14 (35.9)

0.63

 Weekly

2 (4.0)

0

 

 Sporadically

5 (10,0)

4 (10.3)

 

 None

24 (48.0)

21 (53.8)

 

Methadone, n (%)a

   

 Daily

21 (42.9)

14 (35.9)

0.61

 Weekly

14 (28.8)

15 (38.5)

 

 None

14 (28.6)

10 (25.8)

 

Other Opioid, n (%)a

   

 Daily

2 (4.0)

3 (7.7)

0.74

 Sporadically

1 (2.0)

1 (2.8)

 

 None

47 (94.0)

35 (89.7)

 

Cocaine, n (%)a

   

 Daily

12 (24.0)

8 (20.5)

0.86

 Weekly

2 (4.0)

2 (5.1)

 

 Sporadically

6 (12.0)

3 (7.7)

 

 None

30 (60.0)

26 (66.7)

 

Crack, n (%)a

   

 Daily

23 (46.0)

15 (38.5)

0.78

 Weekly

1 (2.0)

2 (5.1)

 

 Sporadically

8 (16.0)

6 (15.4)

 

 None

18 (36.0)

16 (41.0)

 

Cannabis, n (%)a

   

 Daily

2 (4.0)

7 (17.9)

0.08

 Weekly

3 (6.0)

0

 

 Sporadically

8 (16.0)

5 (12.8)

 

 None

37 (74.0)

27 (69.2)

 

Crystal Meth, n (%)a

   

 Daily

4 (8.0)

4 (10.3)

0.96

 Weekly

2 (4.0)

1 (2.6)

 

 Sporadically

6 (12.0)

4 (10.3)

 

 None

38 (76.0)

30 (76.9)

 

Benzodiazepine, n (%)a

   

 Daily

0

3(7.7)

0.14

 Sporadically

3 (6.0)

2 (5.1)

 

 None

47 (94.0)

34 (87.2)

 

Ecstasy, n (%)a

   

 Daily

0

1 (2.8)

0.52

 Sporadically

3 (6.0)

2 (5.1)

 

 None

47 (94.0)

36 (82.3)

 

Antidepressant, n (%)a

   

 Daily

4 (8.2)

2 (5.1)

0.85

 Sporadically

1 (2.0)

1 (2.5)

 

 None

44 (89.8)

36 (92.3)

 

Methadone dose (mg), mean (sd) b (n=36,28)

 

 During pregnancy

52.9 (49.7)

49.2 (47.2)

0.85

 Admission to hospital

48.8 (50.6)

40.0 (39.0)

0.62

 At delivery

58.1 (53.6)

48.4 (50.4)

0.45

 Gestational age when started (wks)

14.8 (12.3)

13.5 (13.2)

0.42

Non-opioid users, n (%)a

10 (20)

11 (24.2)

0.32

Use of substances when pregnant with other children, n (%)a

22/38 (57.9)

19/31 (61.3)

0.78

Retained custody of at least one child, n (%)a

19/36 (52.8)

16/29 (55.2)

0.85

Treatment Goal, n (%)a

   

 Abstinence

36 (72.0)

30 (76.9)

0.57

 Decrease methadone

13 (26.0)

7 (17.9)

 

 Decrease other drug

0

1 (2.6)

 

 No goal

1 (2.0)

1 (2.6)

 
  1. a Chi square test, 2df (smoking, methadone, other opioid, benzodiazepine, ecstasy, antidepressant) 3df (all other categorical variables).
  2. b Mann–Whitney U test.