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Table 5 Adjusted coefficients a and 95% confidence intervals for the relationships between ACEs and psychological distress, by sex

From: The mediating sex-specific effect of psychological distress on the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and current smoking among adults

ACE

Females AdjustedaCoefficients (95% CI)

Males Adjustedacoefficients (95% CI)

Abuse

  

Emotional

−3.9 (−4.8- -3.0)*

−3.6 (−4.6- -2.6)*

Physical

−2.6 (−3.3- -1.9)*

−2.1 (−2.7- -1.5)*

Sexual

−1.8 (−2.5- -1.1)*

−0.9 (−1.6- -0.1)*

Neglect

  

Emotional

−3.7 (−4.5- -2.9)*

−3.4 (−4.2- -2.5)*

Physical

−2.8 (−3.8- -1.7)*

−1.9 (−2.7- -1.0)*

Household dysfunction

  

Witnessing domestic violence

−2.4 (−3.2- -1.5)*

−0.9 (−1.7- -0.01)*

Parental separation or divorce

−1.6 (−2.3- -0.9)*

−0.6 (−1.3-0.03)

Mental illness in the household

−3.1 (−3.8- -2.5)*

−4.0 (−4.8- -3.3)*

Household substance abuse

−1.7 (−2.4- -1.0)*

−1.7 (−2.3- -1.1)*

Incarcerated household member

−0.9 (−2.1-0.2)

−0.9 (−2.2-0.4)

ACE score

−1.1 (−1.3- -0.9)*

−1.0 (−1.2- -0.8)*

  1. aMultivariable linear regression models included age group, race, education, parental smoking during childhood, and alcohol use in past month.
  2. *p < 0.05.