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Table 3 ACE characteristics of study sample by sex

From: The mediating sex-specific effect of psychological distress on the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and current smoking among adults

ACE

Females (n = 3,895)

Males (n = 3,315)

Chi-square test

 

%

%

Value (df)

p-value

Abuse

    

Emotional

11.7

8.2

23.8 (1)

<0.0001

Physical

24.6

28.6

14.5 (1)

0.0001

Sexual

24.2

16.7

61.2 (1)

<0.0001

Neglect

    

Emotional

16.4

12.2

25.2 (1)

<0.0001

Physical

8.6

10.5

7.7 (1)

0.0054

Household dysfunction

    

Witnessing domestic violence

13.6

12.1

3.8 (1)

0.0526

Parental separation or divorce

25.3

22.4

8.6 (1)

0.0034

Mental illness in household

25.0

14.6

119.4 (1)

<0.0001

Household substance abuse

29.9

25.5

17.4 (1)

<0.0001

Incarcerated household member

6.9

4.8

14.6 (1)

0.0001

Total number of ACEs

    

0

32.1

34.7

50.2 (4)

<0.0001

1

24.1

26.9

  

2

14.7

16.1

  

3

10.4

9.3

  

4+

18.7

13.0

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