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Table 2 Association between combat experience and smoking

From: Smoking among troops deployed in combat areas and its association with combat exposure among navy personnel in Sri Lanka

Combat exposure

Unadjusted OR Wald, significance

**Adjusted OR Wald, significance

Discharged weapon in direct combat

1.86 (1.24-2.80)*

1.58 (0.95-2.64)

Wald 9.07, p = 0.003

Wald 3.16, p = 0.08

Thought might be killed

1.32 (0.89-1.96)

1.24 (0.82-1.86)

Wald 1.84, p = 0.18

Wald 1.05, p = 0.31

Seeing dead or wounded

1.97 (1.22-3.20)*

1.79 (1.08-2.9)*

Wald 7.66, p = 0.006

Wald 5.13, p = 0.02

Handled bodies

2.60 (1.72-3.91)*

2.47 (1.6-3.81)*

Wald 20.99, p < 0.001

Wald 16.76, p < 0.001

Aided wounded

1.56 (1.04-2.32)*

1.37 (0.90-2.10)

Wald 4.72, p = 0.03

Wald 2.13, p = 0.14

Came under small arm fire

2.12 (1.42-3.16)*

2.01(1.28-3.15)*

Wald 13.62, p < 0.001

Wald 9.19, p = 0.002

Came under mortar, missile, artillery fire

2.0 (1.33-2.98)*

2.02 (1.29-3.17)*

Wald 11.37, p = 0.001

Wald 9.35, p = 0.002

Experienced landmine strikes

1.83 (0.75-4.5)

1.75 (0.70-4.36)

Wald 1.76, p = 0.19

Wald 1.43, p = 0.23

Experienced hostility from civilians

0.91 (0.26-3.22)

0.85 (0.24-3.03)

Wald 0.02, p = 0.89

Wald 0.06, p = 0.80

Involved in combat with enemy vessels

1.83 (1.22-2.74)*

1.52 (0.94-2.47)

 

Wald 8.54, p = 0.003

Wald 2.91, p = 0.88

  1. Test used -Logistic regression analysis, df = 1 *p < 0.05, **Adjusted for service type, age, education, marital status and rank.