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Table 2 Univariate associations of sociodemographics, cultural variables, and depressive symptoms with smoking behavior1

From: Depressive symptoms and smoking among young Turkish and Moroccan ethnic minority groups in the Netherlands: a cross-sectional study

 

Smokers (%)

(n = 81)

Non- smokers (%)

(n = 283)

Wald

P-Value

OR (95% CI)

Depressive symptoms

    

1.00

No

57.1

70.5

4.86

.03

1.79 (1.0 - 3.02)*

Yes

42.9

29.5

   

Age, mean (SD)

19.78 (2.47)

18.53 (2.78)

12.40

.00

1.17 (1.07 - 1.28)***

Gender

     

Female

34.6

53.4

8.68

.00

1.00

Male

65.4

46.6

  

2.18 (1.29 - 3.68)**

Religion

     

High

53.1

73.4

11.59

.00

1.00

Low

46.9

26.6

  

2.58 (1.53 - 4.37)***

Education level

     

Low

32.5

37.2

0.59

.44

1.00

Middle-High

67.5

62.8

  

0.81 (0.47 - 1.39)

Labor market position

  

5.06

.02

 

Student

53.2

75.9

  

1.00

Employed

46.8

24.1

  

2.77 (1.64 - 4.61)*

Marital Status

     

Married

16.0

13.8

0.26

.61

1.00

Unmarried

84.0

86.2

  

0.84 (0.42 - 1.66)

Generation

     

First

29.6

29.3

0.00

.96

1.00

Second

70.4

70.7

  

0.99 (0.57 - 1.69)

Ethnicity

     

Moroccan

21.0

50.2

20.05

.00

1.00

Turkish

79.0

49.8

  

3.79 (2.10 - 6.85)***

Cultural orientation

     

Low

61.2

54.7

1.09

.30

1.00

High

38.8

45.3

  

0.74 (0. 44 - 1.24)

Social contacts

     

Low

74.7

72.7

0.13

0.72

1.00

High

25.3

27.7

  

0.90 (0.51 - 1.60)

  1. 1All analyses were adjusted for age.
  2. 2Significance was tested using Wald chi-square tests with df = 1.
  3. 3p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.