Table 1 Descriptive statistics of background characteristics, prevalence and 95% confidence intervals of smoking, chewing and any tobacco use among survey participants included in the analysis

Overall

15190

20.7 (19.5, 22.0)

14.6 (13.5, 15.7)

30.3 (28.9, 31.7)

Age groups (in years)

14-19

3376 (22.2)

4.3 (3.5,5.4)

4.7 (3.7, 5.8)

7.7 (6.6, 9.0)

20-29

4989 (32.8)

12.0 (10.7, 13.4)

11.9 (10.8, 13.2)

20.5 (18.9, 22.2)

30-39

3485 (22.9)

27.5 (25.3, 29.8)

18.8 (17.0, 20.7)

39.6 (37.2, 42.1)

40-49

2785 (18.3)

41.4 (38.8, 44.0)

19.7 (17.5, 22.2)

53.3 (50.6, 56.0)

50-59

555 (3.7)

50.0 (44.8, 55.2)

45.5 (38.7, 52.5)

78.4 (73.5, 82.5)

Sex

Male

4397 (28.9)

32.8 (30.6, 35.2)

38.0 (35.8, 40.3)

56.5 (54.1, 58.8)

Female

10793 (71.1)

15.8 (14.5, 17.1)

5.0 (4.3, 5.8)

19.6 (18.3, 21.0)

Marital status

Currently married

11343 (74.7)

24.4 (22.9, 26.0)

16.9 (15.5, 18.3)

35.4 (33.7, 37.2)

Never married

3364 (22.1)

5.7 (4.7, 6.9)

6.3 (5.2, 7.5)

10.2 (8.9, 11.6)

Divorced/separated/widowed

483 (3.2)

39.4 (34.1, 45.1)

18.4 (14.5, 23.0)

50.3 (44.8, 55.9)

Educational attainment

No education

6591 (43.4)

30.5 (28.7, 32.3)

13.4 (12.1, 14.8)

38.6 (36.7, 40.5)

Up to primary

3174 (20.9)

20.7 (18.8, 22.8)

21.1 (18.9, 23.4)

34.5 (32.0, 37.1)

Up to Secondary

4428 (29.2)

8.8 (7.4, 10.5)

12.6 (11.3, 14.0)

17.8 (15.9, 19.7)

Higher education

997 (6.6)

7.5 (5.6, 9.9)

10.4 (8.3, 13.0)

16.0 (13.3, 19.1)

Religion

Hindu

13123 (86.4)

21.0 (19.7, 22.3)

14.4 (13.2, 15.6)

30.2 (28.7, 31.7)

Buddhist

1158 (7.6)

22.2 (18.8, 25.9)

14.7 (12.0, 17.9)

32.6 (28.6, 36.9)

Islam, Christian and others

909 (6.0)

15.7 (12.6, 19.4)

17.2 (13.8, 21.3)

28.5 (24.1, 33.3)

Wealth Index

Poorest

3026 (19.9)

35.6 (33.0, 38.3)

16.4 (14.3, 18.7)

44.5 (41.7, 47.3)

Poorer

2805 (18.5)

23.7 (21.5, 26.0)

16.4 (14.4, 18.7)

33.6 (30.9, 36.3)

Middle

2693 (17.7)

20.4 (18.4, 22.6)

15.4 (13.4, 17.6)

30.7 (28.3, 33.2)

Richer

3252 (21.4)

15.3 (13.5, 17.2)

14.7 (13.0, 16.6)

26.5 (24.2, 28.9)

Richest

3414 (22.5)

11.9 (10.3, 13.7)

10.7 (9.1, 12.6)

19.4 (17.2, 21.9)

Type of Residence

Urban

4249 (28.0)

15.3 (13.5, 17.3)

12.6 (10.9, 14.5)

23.9 (21.5, 26.5)

Rural

10941 (72.0)

21.8 (20.4, 23.3)

14.9 (13.7, 16.3)

31.5 (29.3, 33.2

Development region

Eastern

3555 (23.4)

16.5 (14.4, 18.7)

19.7 (17.3, 22.4)

31.0 (28.0, 34.1)

Central

3902 (25.7)

22.5 (20.1, 25.1)

12.5 (10.8, 14.4)

29.8 (27.0, 32.8)

Western

2996 (19.7)

15.1 (13.1, 17.3)

15.6 (13.4, 18.1)

26.7 (23.9, 29.7)

Mid-western

2352 (15.5)

27.8 (23.5, 32.6)

10.1 (8.2, 12.3)

33.7 (29.4, 38.3)

Far-western

2385 (15.7)

25.2 (21.7, 29.1)

13.6 (9.5, 19.2)

32.4 (27.1, 38.1)

Ecological zone

Mountain

2075 (13.7)

33.4 (28.2, 39.0)

11.5 (9.2, 14.4)

39.9 (34.8, 45.3)

Hill

5906 (38.9)

21.8 (19.8, 24.0)

13.1 (11.6, 14.7)

30.8 (28.5, 33.2)

Terai (plains)

7209 (47.5)

18.1 (16.5, 19.8)

16.2 (14.4, 18.1)

28.6 (26.4, 30.8)