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Table 2 Substance use and misuse data and differences between racket sports

From: Is there a danger for myopia in anti-doping education? Comparative analysis of substance use and misuse in Olympic racket sports calls for a broader approach

 

MALES

FEMALES

 

T

TT

B

K-W (p)

T

TT

B

K-W (p)

 

f(%)

f(%)

f(%)

 

f(%)

f(%)

f(%)

 

Binge drinking

   

24.01 (0.01)

   

10 (0.01)

I do not drink alcohol

1(4.8)

3(6.0)

1(2.0)

 

4(66.7)

6(21.4)

4(12.9)

 

Never. although I consume alcohol

1(4.8)

21(42.0)

2(3.9)

 

0(0.0)

6(21.4)

1(3.2)

 

rarely

7(33.3)

6(12.0)

8(15.7)

 

1(16.7)

7(25.0)

7(22.6)

 

a few times a year

4(19.0)

10(20.0)

10(19.6)

 

0(0.0)

6(21.4)

4(12.9)

 

once a month or so

2(9.5)

8(16.0)

18(35.3)

 

0(0.0)

3(10.7)

10(32.3)

 

once a week

4(19.0)

2(4.0)

11(21.6)

 

0(0.0)

0(0.0)

5(16.1)

 

a few times a week

2(9.5)

0(0.0)

1(2.0)

 

1(16.7)

0(0.0)

0(0.0)

 

Cigarette smoking

   

24.05 (0.01)

   

29.9 (0.01)

Not at all

0(0.0)

34(68.0)

1(2.0)

 

0(0.0)

22(78.6)

0(0.0)

 

I quit

13(61.9)

3(6.0)

42(82.4)

 

6(100.0)

3(10.7)

25(80.6)

 

from time to time

4(19.0)

4(8.0)

5(9.8)

 

0(0.0)

3(10.7)

5(16.1)

 

less than 10 cigs per day

1(4.8)

5(10.0)

1(2.0)

 

(0.0)

(0.0)

(0.0)

 

10-20 cigs per day

1(4.8)

2(4.0)

2(3.9)

 

0(0.0)

0(0.0)

1(3.2)

 

1-2 packs per day

1(4.8)

0(0.0)

0(0.0)

     

2+ packs per day

1(4.8)

2(4.0)

0(0.0)

     

Cannabinoids and opiates

   

2.7 (0.26)

   

2.5 (0.28)

No

16(76.0)

45(90.0)

41(41.0)

 

6(100.0)

20(71.0)

25(25.0)

 

Yes, occasionally (marijuana and hashish)

5(23.0)

5(10.0)

10(10.0)

 

0(0.0)

8(28.0)

6(6.0)

 
  1. T - tennis; TT - table tennis; B - badminton; frequencies - f, percentage - %; KW - Kruskall-Wallis test; p - statistical significance for df = 2