Skip to main content

Table 1 Sociodemographic and sport factors and differences between racket sports

From: Is there a danger for myopia in anti-doping education? Comparative analysis of substance use and misuse in Olympic racket sports calls for a broader approach

 

MALES

FEMALES

 

T

TT

B

K-W (p)

T

TT

B

K-W (p)

 

f(%)

f(%)

f(%)

 

f(%)

f(%)

f(%)

 

Age (years)

   

0.73 (0.69)

   

1.15 (0.46)

19-22

7(33.3)

23(46.0)

22(43.1)

 

4(66.7)

13(46.4)

18(58.1)

 

22-25

8(38.1)

10(20.0)

6(11.8)

 

2(33.3)

6(21.4)

5(16.1)

 

25-28

2(9.5)

5(10.0)

5(9.8)

 

0(0.0)

5(17.9)

2(6.5)

 

28+

4(19.0)

12(24.0)

18(35.3)

 

0(0.0)

4(14.3)

6(19.4)

 

Education (school)

   

10 (0.01)

   

3.4 (0.18)

Elementary

3(14.3)

13(26.0)

4(7.8)

 

2(33.3)

2(7.1)

8(25.8)

 

High

12(57.1)

17(34.0)

17(33.3)

 

1(16.7)

9(32.1)

10(32.3)

 

Student

4(19.0)

13(26.0)

11(21.6)

 

2(33.3)

9(32.1)

9(29.0)

 

Graduated

2(9.5)

7(14.0)

19(37.3)

 

1(16.7)

7(25.0)

4(12.9)

 

Sport experience

   

3 (0.20)

   

8.4 (0.02)

less than 5 years

0(0.0)

1(2.0)

1(2.0)

     

5 to 10 years

8(38.1)

7(14.0)

17(33.3)

 

2(33.3)

4(14.3)

14(45.2)

 

10 to 15 years

7(33.3)

20(40.0)

12(23.5)

 

2(33.3)

13(46.4)

13(41.9)

 

15 +

6(28.6)

22(44.0)

21(41.2)

 

2(33.3)

11(39.3)

4(12.9)

 

Sport status

   

16 (0.01)

   

1.56 (0.45)

Amateur

11(52.4)

14(28.0)

35(68.6)

 

3(50.0)

14(50.0)

20(64.5)

 

Semiprofessional

9(42.9)

28(56.0)

13(25.5)

 

3(50.0)

13(46.4)

11(35.5)

 

Professional

1(4.8)

8(16.0)

3(5.9)

 

0(0.0)

1(3.6)

0(0.0)

 

Sport achievement

   

0.13 (0.93)

   

1.79 (0.40)

local competition

1(4.8)

0(0.0)

4(7.8)

 

0(0.0)

0(0.0)

1(3.2)

 

local achievement

2(9.5)

0(0.0)

5(9.8)

 

0(0.0)

0(0.0)

3(9.7)

 

national competition

2(9.5)

5(10.0)

4(7.8)

 

2(33.3)

4(14.3)

7(22.6)

 

national achievement

2(9.5)

12(24.0)

6(11.8)

 

1(16.7)

4(14.3)

5(16.1)

 

international competition

6(28.6)

22(44.0)

14(27.5)

 

1(16.7)

14(50.0)

7(22.6)

 

international achievement

8(38.1)

11(22.0)

18(35.3)

 

2(33.3)

6(21.4)

8(25.8)

 
  1. T - tennis; TT - table tennis; B - badminton; frequencies - f, percentage - %; KW - Kruskall-Wallis test; p - statistical significance for df = 2