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Table 2 Dependency symptoms among users of areca nuts, areca nut with tobacco additives and cigarette smokers

From: Areca nut chewing and dependency syndrome: Is the dependence comparable to smoking? a cross sectional study

 

Type of substance use

 

Symptom

Areca nut only

Areca + Tobacco

Smokers only

P-value

 

N = 314

N = 242

N = 295

 
 

n

(%)

n

(%)

n

(%)

 

Tolerance

101

(32.2)

90

(37.2)

116

(39.3)

< 0.001

Withdrawal

87

(27.7)

158

(65.3)

204

(69.2)

< 0.001

Excess use

239

(76.1)

102

(42.2)

119

(40.3)

< 0.001

Attempt to cut down

93

(29.6)

152

(62.8)

218

(73.9)

< 0.001

Considerable time spent before reuse or recovery

88

(28.0)

100

(41.3)

135

(45.8)

< 0.001

Activity given up

175

(55.7)

95

(39.3)

65

(22.0)

< 0.001

Continue use despite known health hazards

195

(62.1)

138

(57.0)

256

(86.8)

< 0.001

  1. p values calculated using the chi2 test between the presence or absence of symptom and group of substances use
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Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy

ISSN: 1747-597X