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Table 4 Multinomial logistic multilevel model predicting type of opioid use: Individual enrolee and OTP-average age

From: Age differences in heroin and prescription opioid abuse among enrolees into opioid treatment programs

 

PO & Heroin vs. Heroin Only

PO Only vs. Heroin Only

 

Odds Ratio 95% Confidence Interval

 

Odds Ratio 95% Confidence Interval

 
 

Lower

Estimate

Upper

p

Lower

Estimate

Upper

p

OTP Average Age

0.916

0.926

0.936

<.001

0.776

0.787

0.798

<.001

Individual Age Within OTP

0.979

0.982

0.985

<.001

0.984

0.988

0.991

<.001

Interview Year

        

2006 vs. 2005

0.878

0.970

1.071

0.548

1.038

1.161

1.299

0.009

2007 vs. 2005

1.012

1.130

1.262

0.030

1.152

1.302

1.471

<.001

2008 vs. 2005

1.937

2.157

2.402

<.001

1.879

2.121

2.395

<.001

2009 vs. 2005

2.000

2.227

2.479

<.001

2.031

2.288

2.578

<.001

Beale Urbanicity

        

Medium vs. High Density

2.280

2.536

2.821

<.001

3.439

3.837

4.281

<.001

Low vs. High Density

4.480

6.021

8.094

<.001

7.443

9.924

13.230

<.001

U.S. Region

        

Southeast vs. Northeast

1.439

1.649

1.890

<.001

10.022

11.476

13.139

<.001

Midwest vs. Northeast

1.432

1.857

2.407

<.001

3.937

5.102

6.612

<.001

West vs. Northeast

0.794

0.865

0.942

0.001

1.931

2.141

2.374

<.001

  1. Note: All associations were tested for significance using z-tests, in which the coefficient was divided by its standard error and compared with the normal distribution. Coefficients and confidence limits were exponentiated to odds ratios for presentation here. Sample sizes for this analysis were 29107 individual enrolees nested within one of 85 OTPs.