Skip to main content

Table 2 Logistic regression model for AAS use by selected social variables adjusted for gender and age (odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals)

From: Sport, and use of anabolic androgenic steroids among Icelandic high school students: a critical test of three perspectives

 

Have used AAS

 

OR

(95% CI)

Sport participation in sport club

  

Variable 1 (Less than 1x; 2x or more)

1.125

.685-2.516

Variable 2 (Almost never; 1-3x; 4x or more)

1.103

.840-1.449

Variable 3 (Less than 1x; 4x or more)

1.331

.783-2.262

Fitness sport participation

  

Variable 1 (Less than 1x; 2x or more)

1.444

.828-2.516

Variable 2 (Almost never; 1-3x; 4x or more)

1.468**

1.096-1.967

Variable 3 (Less than 1x; 4x or more)

2.665***

1.583-.4.486

Odds ratio for steroid use among those who practice sports 4x a week or more in sport clubs and outside sport clubs.

2.27***

 

Tobacco and Alcohol Use

3.154**

1.490-6.677

Daily smoke

1.754*

1.055-2.916

Other tobacco use in the past 30 days

1.612**

1.207-2.154

Drunk in the past 30 days

1.765*

1.024-3.043

Illegal substance use

4.891***

3.007-7.953

Used hashish

3.977***

2.463-6.422

Used amphetamines

7.487***

4.661-12.027

Other substances

7.815***

4.868-12.546

Family

  

Parents education

.900

.660-1.228

Living with parents

.964

.503-1.846

Parents support

.781

.602-.1.014

Parents rule setting

.863

.484-1.540

School

  

Grades

.559**

.369-.846

School Anomie

1.448**

1.124-1.867

School Integration

.732*

.559-.691

Other

  

Anomie

1.167

.635-2.145

Institutional trust

.960

.540-1.705

Religion

.939

.825-1.068

  1. *Significant at p < 0.05 level
  2. ** Significant at p < 0.01 level
  3. *** Significant at p < 0.001 level
  4. p-values were from Wald t-tests, df = 1