Being questioned and receiving advice about alcohol and smoking in health care: Associations with patients' characteristics, health behavior, and reported stage of change

Table 4 Odds ratios (OR) for those being questioned and having received advice/help concerning their alcohol habits, gender, and age using ordered logistic regressions modeling the five stages of change1 regarding the patients' alcohol habits (n = 1 693).

	Bivariate	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3
	OR	OR	OR	OR
No questions	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
Questioned	2.03***	1.47*	1.45*	1.00
No advice	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
Advised	8.45***	6.43***	6.74***	1.04
Age	.956***	-	.956***	.953***
Gender
Female	1.0	-	1.0	1.0
Male	1.08	-	1.04	1.08
Interactions
Questioned*female	-	-	-	1.92*
Advised*male	-	-	-	5.01*
Advised*age	-	-	-	1.038*

* p < 0.05 ** p < 0.01 *** p < 0.001 The significance level is given for each category contrasted against the average of the variable's all categories using Wald chi-square tests in logistic regression models.
¹ People who had reduced their alcohol consumption more than 12 months ago were excluded. Similarly, persons who drank less than a glass of alcohol during the last twelve months were not addressed by the stage of change item and are therefore also excluded.