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Table 2 Percent who were a) questioned and b) advised/helped concerning their different health behaviors when visiting health care by the different background variables.

From: Being questioned and receiving advice about alcohol and smoking in health care: Associations with patients' characteristics, health behavior, and reported stage of change

 

a) Questioned

b) Advised or helped

 

Dietary habits

Physical exercise

Smoking or snuff use

Alcohol use

Dietary habits

Physical exercise

Smoking or snuff use

Alcohol use

Total

        
 

27.1

33.4

32.3

23.0

14.3

16.2

8.8

2.7

Gender:

        

Men

30.7***

38.2***

33.2

28.1***

18.2***

18.9**

8.3

4.8***

Women

24.7***

30.2***

31.8

19.4***

11.6***

14.3**

9.1

1.3***

Age group:

        

18-24

20.1*

20.7***

32.0

18.0

11.7

10.6*

10.6

2.2

25-34

28.8

32.7

37.8***

27.2***

10.4**

11.7*

6.8

2.2

35-44

25.2

33.8

29.3

22.7

12.8

16.6

7.0

2.6

45-54

29.7

39.4***

35.1*

25.2*

15.5

22.2***

10.3

2.4

55-64

29.9*

37.3**

31.6

22.4

18.8**

19.5**

11.7**

3.8

65-70

23.2

25.6

18.0***

12.4**

19.6*

12.6

6.0

3.6

Social class:

        

blue-collar

26.2

31.3

34.2

23.0

18.6**

21.4***

15.8***

5.1***

lower white collar

25.5

32.7

31.5

21.2

12.4

13.4

9.0

2.0

middle white collar

27.0

32.8

32.2

22.3

13.2

16.2

7.8

1.7

higher white collar

29.9

38.7***

33.0

26.2*

12.7

13.4

4.8***

1.6

missing values

26.1

29.2

29.3

20.5

14.9

16.2

6.3

3.9

Sick-leave:

        

None

24.4**

30.3***

27.1***

20.0**

12.6***

13.0***

5.8***

2.2

1-7 days

24.3**

28.7***

30.1**

20.9**

10.4***

10.9***

7.2**

2.0*

8-30 days

28.3

36.5

40.8*

23.9

15.3

20.9

14.2*

2.2

31-90 days

42.9***

48.3**

49.6***

35.1**

31.6***

33.6***

15.7

4.8

90+ days

45.3***

61.5***

45.5**

40.8***

28.6***

37.3***

15.8*

8.4***

missing value

19.1*

20.7***

23.5**

16.2*

15.8

16.7

10.3

3.8

Physical health:

        

very good

21.8***

26.2***

29.3*

22.3*

8.4***

7.8***

5.2***

2.0*

good

26.4***

32.9**

31.1

21.1**

13.5

15.1**

8.3*

2.3

neither good or bad

35.4

44.9

38.2

26.4

23.3*

30.2**

13.7

2.9

bad or very bad

38.4

46.5

42.8

30.2

30.4***

35.2***

19.7**

8.5***

missing value

56.2*

64.3*

40.0

46.2

15.4

30.8

16.7

01

Mental health:

        

very good

24.5***

29.4***

30.9

21.7*

12.3

12.9

6.9

1.6

good

25.1***

33.3**

31.8

21.2**

13.2

15.3

9.0

2.3

neither good or bad

36.5

38.1

35.3

26.3

19.3

22.1

11.3

5.2

bad or very bad

39.8*

49.7**

40.5

35.2*

25.2

31.2

13.8

7.8

missing values

35.9

48.6

34.4

30.3

22.2

28.6

20.0

9.4

Smoking:

        

never

26.5

32.7

26.8***

22.0

12.2*

13.3**

0.7***

1.4*

presently

28.6

33.2

47.1***

24.4

17.5

18.2

32.5***

5.7*

earlier

26.8

34.4

30.6

23.5

15.2

18.8

4.5

2.8

missing values

37.1

37.1

34.4

20.7

20.6

23.5

13.3

3.4

Alcohol:

        

don't drink

27.0

30.8

31.0

23.4

17.8

21.6

7.8*

1.8*

non-hazardous use

26.7

33.8

31.3

21.8

13.7*

15.4*

7.8***

1.0***

hazardous use

29.0

31.4

38.5

26.5

15.2

16.3

14.0

7.3

dependent on alcohol

35.6

36.2

41.9

45.3***

22.0

24.1

22.0**

39.1***

missing values

15.4

45.4

27.3

10.0

02

27.3

02

02

Internal missing n

115

150

166

203

118

169

216

255

  1. Bivariate associations (n = 2786).
  2. * p < 0.05 ** p < 0.01 *** p < 0.001 The significance level is given for each category contrasted against the average of the variable's all categories using Wald chi-square tests in logistic regression models. 1 In estimation of significance levels for this model the category for "missing values" was collapsed with the category "very good". If this category is excluded instead the significance levels remain similar for the other categories. 2 Category was collapsed with non-hazardous use in estimations. If this category is excluded significance levels remain similar.
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Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy

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