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Table 4 Summary of hierarchical logistic regression analysis using predisposing, enabling and need factors as predictors of substance abuse treatment utilization a, b

From: Inequitable access to substance abuse treatment services in Cape Town, South Africa

Predictor variables

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

 

Wald (df)

OR c (95% CI d )

Wald(df)

OR c (95% CI d )

Wald(df)

OR c (95% CI d )

Need for treatment

      

Seriousness of drug use: reference "not at all serious")

      

Slightly serious

3.55(1)

0.55 (0.29-1.02)

3.34(1)

0.56 (0.30-1.04)

0.15(1)

1.36 (0.30-6.22)

Moderately serious

18.39(1)***

0.24 (0.13-0.46)

18.59(1)***

0.24 (0.12-0.45)

2.13(1)

0.38 (0.11-1.39)

Considerably serious

0.01(1)

1.01 (0.54-1.89)

0.02(1)

1.05 (0.56-1.97)

5.45(1)*

5.11 (1.30-20.09)

Extremely serious

10.87(1)**

2.92 (1.54-5.89)

10.67(1)**

2.92 (1.54-5.54)

8.79(1)**

8.51 (2.07-35.03)

Others suggest treatment need (yes)

14.12(1)***

2.36 (1.51-3.70)

13.83(1)***

2.35 (1.50-3.68)

1.97(1)

1.99 (0.76-5.22)

SOCRATES-problem recognition

3.03(1)

0.96 (0.92-1.01)

3.33(1)

0.96 (0.91-1.00)

2.99(1)

0.92 (0.83-1.01)

SOCRATES-ambivalence

9.33(1)**

1.13 (1.05-1.22)

10.01(1)**

1.14 (1.05-1.23)

20.39 (1)***

1.42(1.22-1.65)

SOCRATES-taking steps

105.02***

1.16 (1.13-1.19)

101.46(1)***

1.16 (1.13-1.19)

2.90(1)

1.06 (0.99-1.13)

Predisposing variables

      

NES

-

-

5.18(1)*

0.95 (0.91-0.99)

0.11(1)

0.99 (0.90-1.08)

Enabling variables

      

Number of known treatment centres

-

-

-

-

72.33(1)***

5.80 (3.85-8.75)

Travelling time to treatment

-

-

-

-

64.35(1)***

0.07 (0.04-0.14)

Competing financial priorities (No)

-

-

-

-

20.23(1)***

5.31 (2.56-10.98)

Affordability barriers

-

-

-

-

30.02(1)***

0.85 (0.81-0.91)

Delays in accessing treatment

-

-

-

-

7.16(1)**

0.93 (0.88-0.98)

TCU depression

-

-

-

-

1.61(1)

1.05 (0.97-1.14)

TCU anxiety

-

-

-

-

3.35(1)

0.93 (0.86-1.01)

Abstinence support

-

-

-

-

4.66(1)*

0.94 (0.87-0.99)

Treatment concerns

    

32.08 (1)***

1.17 (1.11-1.23)

Stigma consciousness

    

0.45(1)

1.08 (0.86-1.34)

  1. *α < .05; ** α < .01; *** α < .001;
  2. a Controlling for confounding effects of gender and race
  3. b Blank spaces indicate that the variable did not enter the equation
  4. c Estimated odds ratio
  5. d 95% confidence interval based on the Wald's test