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Table 3 Group comparisons of memory functions at T1 and T2

From: Memory function in opioid-dependent patients treated with methadone or buprenorphine along with benzodiazepine: longitudinal change in comparison to healthy individuals

Domain or Test

Methadone

(n= 13)

Buprenorphine or Buprenorphine/Naloxone

(n= 15)

Normal Comparison

(n= 15)

Group effect

Statistical comparisons between normal comparison and patient groups using years of education and VIQ adjusted scores, whenever possibleb

Effect sizes, whenever possible

 

M (SD)

M (SD)

M (SD)

   

Working memory, raw scores

      

WMS-III Letter-Number Sequencing at T1

9.6 (2.3)

8.4 (2.3)

11.7 (3.2)

F (2, 38) = 4.57

p = 0.017*

t(27) = 1..84, p = 0.074, M vs. NC = ns

d = 0.68

     

t(29) = 3.02, p = 0.008, NC > BN **

d = 1.01

WMS-III Letter-Number Sequencing at T2

8.6 (2.1)

9.2 (2.3)

11.6 (2.9)

F (2, 38) = 4.19,

p = 0.023*

t(27) = 2.76, p = 0.018, NC > M*

d = 1.05

     

t (29) = 2.39, p = 0.022, NC > BN *

d = 0.83

PASAT at T1

31.4 (9.2)

31.8 (10.7)a

46.7 (9.4)

F (2, 38) = 9.84

p = 0.001***

t(27) = 4.19, p < 0.001, NC > M ***

d = 1.43

PASAT at T2

31.6 (8.6)

34.1 (8.4)

46.0 (8.7)a

F (2, 38) = 7.15

p = 0.002**

t(29) = 3.70, p < 0.001, NC > BN***

d = 1.54

     

t(27) = 3.47, p = 0.002, NC > M**

d = 1.42

     

t(29) = 3.32, p = 0.002, NC > BN**

d = 1.24

Immediate verbal memory, raw scores

      

Memory for Persons Data, first trial at T1

10.7 (2.6)

10.8 (2.5)

13.0 (1.5)

χ2(2, N = 43) = 8.91

p = 0.012*

U = 43.0, p = 0.011, NC > M*

-

     

U = 51.5, p = 0.020, NC > BN*

 

Memory for Persons Data, sum of last two trials (T1)

14.9 (0.2)

14.6 (0.7)

14.9 (0.2)

χ2 (2, N = 43) = 2.75

p = 0.25

-

-

WMS-III Logical Memory, immediate free recall (T1)

12.9 (2.4)

15.1 (4.3)

16.3 (3.6)

F (2, 38) = 1.90,

p = 0.16

-

-

WMS-III Logical Memory, immediate free recall (T2)

14.2 (3.1)

14.1 (3.3)

16.3 (3.1)

F (2, 38) = 1.25,

p = 0.30

-

-

Memory consolidation, percentages

      

WMS-III Logical Memory, free recall after short-delay (30 min) (T1)

91.4 (15.3)

91.7 (14.0)

87.5 (13.1)

F (2, 38) = 0.64,

p = 0.94

-

-

WMS-III Logical Memory, free recall after short (30 min) delay (T2)

87.1 (14.4)

93 .8 (17.1)

98.3 (14.1)

F (2, 38) = 1.28,

p = 0.29

-

-

Memory for Persons Data, free recall after short delay (30 min) (T1)

92.8 (7.9)

98.2 (6.1)

98.7 (3.1)

χ2(2, N = 43) = 4.48

p = 0.11

-

-

Memory for Persons Data, free recall after long delay

(4 – 8 mo) (T2)

22.1 (18.1)

29.8 (23.2)

32.4 (22.1)

χ2(2, N = 43) = 1.54

p = 0.46

-

-

Memory for Persons Data, recognition after long delay (4 – 8 mo) (T2)

79.6 (10.6)

82.1 (12.9)

81.3 (10.7)

F (2, 38) = 0.60

p = 0.55

-

-

Memory complaints, raw score

      

The Memory Complaint Questionnaire (T1)

26.6 (5.7)

26.0 (5.4)

20.4 (2.5)

χ2(2, N = 43) = 11.25

U = 39.0,

p = 0.012, NC < M*

-

    

p = 0.004**

U = 40.0, p = 0.008, NC < BN **

-

The Memory Complaint Questionnaire (T2)

25.6 (3.2)

24.5 (6.7)

20.4 (1.5)

χ2 (2, N = 43) = 14.04

U = 16.5, p < 0.001, NC < M***

 
    

p = 0.001***

U = 49.0, p = 0.015, NC < BN *

 
  1. Note: PASAT = Paced Auditory Serial Addition Task;
  2. WMS-III = Wechsler Memory Scale-third version.
  3. BN = buprenorphine or buprenorphine/naloxone, M = methadone, NC = Normal comparison.
  4. a = Missing value of one participant was substituted by carry-over value from the first test.
  5. *** = statistically significant at level p < 0.001, ** = statistically significant at level p < 0.01, * = statistically significant at level p < 0.05, ns = non-significant.
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