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Table 1 Measurement level descriptive statistics and univariate and multivariate normality (N = 174)

From: Attitudes and doping: a structural equation analysis of the relationship between athletes' attitudes, sport orientation and doping behaviour

Variable

min

max

mean

sd

skew

c.r. (skew)

kurtosis

c.r. (kurtosis)

Doping belief

.00

4.00

1.057

1.248

.822

4.425

-.331

-.892

Competitiveness

13.00

65.00

57.890

13.265

-2.362

-12.718

4.662

12.552

Win orientation

6.00

30.00

25.620

6.072

-1.795

-9.665

2.556

6.882

Goal orinetation

6.00

30.00

26.780

5.592

-2.382

-12.829

4.962

13.360

Doping attitude

19.00

79.00

42.138

12.190

.505

2.718

-.223

-.600

Past use of doping

.00

3.00

.910

.949

1.173

6.315

1.203

3.238

Current doping use

.00

3.00

.580

.629

1.164

6.270

2.700

7.271

Multivariate Mardia's coeff.

      

26.185

15.385

  1. Observations farthest from the centroid (Mahalanobis distance) (Group number 1)