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Table 3 Influence of socioeconomic factors and BMI on serum micromineral status of drug dependent subjects and non-drug dependent controls.

From: Serum antioxidant micromineral (Cu, Zn, Fe) status of drug dependent subjects: Influence of illicit drugs and lifestyle

  

Copper (μmol/L)a

Zinc (μmol/L)b

Iron (μmol/L)c

Parameter

% (n)

Mean ± SD

Mean ± SD

Mean ± SD

Drug dependent subjects

Education1

   0–10 class

61.3(155)

22.24 ± 5.95*

13.36 ± 4.27*

20.85 ± 6.56

   11–15 class

38.7(98)

20.62 ± 5.59*

14.59 ± 4.83*

19.93 ± 6.37

Occupation2

   Business

45.5(115)

21.82 ± 5.78

14.37 ± 4.90

20.60 ± 6.35

   Others

54.5(138)

21.51 ± 5.94

13.40 ± 4.16

20.41 ± 6.62

Monthly income US$3

   20–100

59.7(151)

21.81 ± 6.11

13.45 ± 4.68

20.77 ± 6.73

   101–890

40.3(102)

21.40 ± 5.49

14.42 ± 4.26

20.09 ± 6.12

Age in year4

   18–29

63.6(161)

20.95 ± 5.67*

14.27 ± 4.90*

20.36 ± 6.57

   30–45

36.4(92)

23.05 ± 5.96*

13.10 ± 3.72*

20.73 ± 6.38

Marital status5

   Married

59.7(151)

22.13 ± 5.68

13.98 ± 4.69

21.20 ± 6.58

   Unmarried

40.3(102)

20.93 ± 6.07

13.63 ± 4.29

19.45 ± 6.23

Body mass index6

   11.5–18.4

65.6(166)

22.29 ± 6.16*

13.20 ± 3.90*

21.24 ± 6.59*

   18.5–28.5

34.4(87)

20.43 ± 5.05*

15.07 ± 5.35*

19.07 ± 6.07*

Non-drug dependents

Education7

   0–10 class

56.0(56)

14.16 ± 3.79*

10.89 ± 3.08*

33.75 ± 8.34

   11–15 class

44.0(44)

16.65 ± 4.03*

14.05 ± 4.50*

30.74 ± 9.35

Occupation8

   Business

43.0(44)

13.11 ± 3.37*

10.03 ± 2.33*

34.74 ± 8.10*

   Others

57.0(56)

16.94 ± 3.79*

14.05 ± 4.27*

30.60 ± 9.11*

Monthly income US$9

   20–100

62.0(62)

15.16 ± 4.29

12.11 ± 3.91

32.35 ± 8.55

   101–890

38.0(38)

15.40 ± .74

12.55 ± 4.36

32.54 ± 9.51

Age in year10

   18–29

59.0(59)

15.24 ± .4.15

12.75 ± .4.01

32.30 ± .8.94

   30–45

41.0(41)

15.28 ± .4.01

11.61 ± .4.10

32.61 ± .8.90

Marital status11

   Married

55.0(55)

15.03 ± .4.14

11.19 ± .3.85*

33.16 ± .8.70

   Unmarried

45.0(45)

15.53 ± .4.02

13.62 ± .3.96*

31.53 ± .9.11

Body mass index12

   11.5–18.4

15.0(15)

15.98 ± .3.95

11.99 ± .3.01

33.12 ± .9.20

   18.5–28.5

85.0(85)

15.13 ± .4.10

12.33 ± .4.24

32.30 ± .8.87

  1. *Significant (p < 0.05) using one-way ANOVA.
  2. 1aF(1,251) = 5.01, p = 0.026
  3. 1bF(1,251) = 4.44, p = 0.036
  4. 4aF(1,251) = 8.47, p = 0.004
  5. 4bF(1,251) = 3.99, p = 0.047
  6. 5cF(1,251) = 4.47, p = 0.035
  7. 6aF(1,251) = 5.83, p = 0.017
  8. 6bF(1,251) = 10.1, p = 0.002
  9. 6cF(1,251) = 6.59, p = 0.011
  10. 7aF(1,98) = 10.0, p = 0.002
  11. 7bF(1,98) = 17.4, p = 0.001
  12. 8aF(1,98) = 27.7, p = 0.001
  13. 8bF(1,98) = 31.6, p = 0.001
  14. 8cF(1,98) = 5.59, p = 0.020
  15. 11bF(1,98) = 9.62, p = 0.003.
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Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy

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