From: Family management risk and protective factors for adolescent substance use in South Africa
Variable | Measures | Reference |
---|---|---|
Background Variables | Gender, age, level of education, cultural background, parental marital status, parental education, parental socio-economic status | [1] |
Family Management | Â | [1] |
 Parental monitoring | Monitoring | [15] |
 | Delinquency | [16] |
 Discipline and Behavioural Control | Sharing, control through guilt, strictness, expression of affection, emotional support, parental direction, sharing, moderate autonomy, lax discipline, positive evaluation, negative evaluation, irritability, extreme autonomy, laissez-faire family style | |
 Parental rewards | Good behaviour, achievement, | [31] |
Substance use | Â | Â |
 Adolescent and parental substance use | Intensity and frequency of alcohol use, intensity and frequency of alcohol use, frequency of other substance use, age at initiation of use | [14] |