| Total sample (n = 343) | Recovery following treatment (n = 291) | Natural recovery (n = 52) | W, χ2 or P | df | Adjusted p-value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age – mean (SD) | 47.67 (12.13) | 48.07 (12.17) | 45.44 (11.78) | 6558 |  | 0.18 |
Gender – n(%) |  |  |  | 0.64 | 1 | 0.34 |
Male | 185(54) | 161 (55) | 24 (46) | Â | Â | Â |
Female | 158 (46) | 130 (45) | 28 (54) | Â | Â | Â |
Country of birth – n(%) |  |  |  | 2.20 | 1 | 0.76 |
Belgium | 330 (96) | 279 (96) | 51 (98) | Â | Â | Â |
Other | 13 (4) | 12 (4) | 1 (2) | Â | Â | Â |
University/college – n (%) |  |  |  | 4.59 | 1 | 0.05 |
Yes | 141 (41) | 112 (38) | 29 (56) | Â | Â | Â |
No | 202 (59) | 179 (62) | 23 (44) | Â | Â | Â |
Marital status – n (%) |  |  |  | 8.11 | 3 | 0.13 |
Married/living together | 152 (44) | 126 (43) | 26 (50) | Â | Â | Â |
Divorced/separated | 93 (27) | 86 (30) | 7 (13) | Â | Â | Â |
Single | 88 (26) | 70 (24) | 18 (35) | Â | Â | Â |
Other | 10 (3) | 9 (3) | 1 (2) | Â | Â | Â |
Main substance – n (%) |  |  |  | 14.27 | 2 | 0.006 |
Alcohol | 228 (66) | 203 (70) | 25 (48) | Â | Â | Â |
Cannabis | 26 (08) | 17 (6) | 9 (17) | Â | Â | Â |
Illicit drugs | 89 (26) | 71 (24) | 18 (35) | Â | Â | Â |
Multiple substances – n(%) |  |  |  | 0.001 | 1 | 1 |
Yes | 168 (49) | 149 (49) | 25 (48) | Â | Â | Â |
No | 175 (51) | 152 (51) | 27 (52) | Â | Â | Â |
SDS-score – mean (SD) | 9.61 (2.82) | 9.95 (2.63) | 7.75 (3.13) | 4437 |  | < 0.001 |
Problem-duration – mean (SD) | 12.98 (9.30) | 13.50 (9.04) | 10.10 (10.26) | 5393.5 |  | 0.004 |
Age of first use – mean (SD) | 16.24 (5.68) | 15.92 (4.74) | 18.02 (5.75) | 9260 |  | 0.02 |
Recovery phase – n (%) |  |  |  | 4.65 | 2 | 0.20 |
Early recovery (< 1 year) | 66 (19) | 51 (18) | 15 (29) |  |  |  |
Sustained recovery (1–5 years) | 126 (37) | 108 (37) | 19 (37) |  |  |  |
Stable recovery (≥ 5 years) | 151 (44) | 132 (45) | 18 (35) |  |  |  |
SABRS-strengths – mean (SD) | 8.09 (3.10) | 7.88 (3.12) | 9.29 (2.70) | 9537 |  | 0.007 |
SABRS-barriers – mean (SD) | 5.85 (3.18) | 6.22 (3.21) | 3.83 (2.14) | 4307.5 |  | < 0.001 |