Study | Measure | Control Group | Intervention Group | Statistical Test or Model | p-value | Estimate of Effect | Direction of Effect | Overall Effect Direction |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(S6) Corace et al., 2022 [74] | Clients with self-reported visits to the emergency department “because of substance use” | 9%a | 9%b | Chi square test | 0.98 | χ2 = 0.00 | No difference | Mixed |
Clients with self-reported admissions to the hospital “because of substance use” | 7%a | 12%b | Chi square test | 0.15 | χ2 = 2.05 | Favours control | ||
(S8) Ezie et al., 2022 [76] | Incidence of new infectious disease (e.g., aspiration pneumonia, hepatitis, HIV, skin and soft tissue infections) | 0%c | 1.5%d | Chi square test | > 0.05 | NR | Favours control | Negative |
(S22) Lintzeris et al., 2022 [90] | Average scores on physical health scale (1 = poor, 10 = good)e | Mean: 6.6 (SD 1.8) Median: 7c | Mean 6.5 (SD 1.6) Median: 7d | Paired t-test | 0.229 | NR | Favours control | Mixed |
Average scores on psychological health scale (1 = poor, 10 = good)e | Mean 6.3 (SD 1.8) Median: 7c | Mean: 6.5 (SD 1.6) Median: 7d | Paired t-test | 0.181 | NR | Favours intervention |