Table 3 Comparisons between service use profiles and sociodemographic and clinical correlates (N = 18,125)
Profile 1 Low outpatient service users | Profile 2 Moderate outpatient service users | Profile 3 High outpatient service users | Bivariate analysis: chi-square test | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
% | RR | % | RR | % | RR | P-value | |
Group size | 47.14 | 35.70 | 17.16 | ||||
Patient sociodemographic correlates (measured in 2014–15 or the last year available, or other as specified) | |||||||
Women (ref.: men) | 26.23 | – | 42.96 | 2.05* | 39.68 | 1.72* | < 0.05 |
Age group (years) (ref.: 12–24 years) | < 0.05 | ||||||
12–24 | 27.02 | – | 14.51 | – | 16.86 | – | |
25–44 | 44.99 | – | 42.13 | 1.48* | 50.56 | 0.94 | |
45–59 | 22.38 | – | 32.72 | 1.86* | 26.85 | 0.76* | |
60+ | 5.61 | – | 10.64 | 2.16* | 5.73 | 0.57* | |
Living alone or single parent (ref.: none) | 41.09 | – | 49.60 | 1.07 | 51.11 | 1.12* | < 0.05 |
Occupation (ref.: work or study) | < 0.05 | ||||||
Work or study | 49.50 | – | 43.95 | – | 31.58 | – | |
Unemployed | 49.67 | – | 54.71 | 0.83* | 67.20 | 1.12 | |
Retired | 0.83 | – | 1.34 | 0.83 | 1.22 | 1.50 | |
Living in more materially deprived areas: Indexes 4–5 or areas not assigned a (ref.: indexes 1–3) | 57.25 | – | 54.39 | 0.87* | 56.06 | 0.81* | |
Living in more socially deprived areas: Indexes 4–5 or areas not assigned a (ref.: indexes 1–3) | 61.28 | – | 61.16 | 0.84* | 65.25 | 0.85* | |
Type of residential areas (ref.: urban areas) | < 0.05 | ||||||
Urban areas (> 100,000) | 49.45 | – | 53.39 | – | 54.66 | – | |
Semi-urban areas (10,000 to 100,000) | 30.52 | – | 27.48 | 0.89* | 29.45 | 0.99 | |
Rural areas (< 10,000) | 20.03 | – | 19.13 | 0.90 | 15.89 | 0.78* | |
Criminal history with or without incarceration (measured from 2009 to 10 to 2014–15) (ref.: none) | 21.93 | – | 16.39 | 0.83* | 16.86 | 0.71* | < 0.05 |
History of homelessness (measured from 2009 to 10 to 2014–15) (ref.: none) | 12.10 | – | 13.59 | 0.98 | 16.74 | 0.79* | < 0.05 |
Patient clinical correlates (measured 2012–13 to 2014–15 or other as specified) | |||||||
Type of substance-related disorders (SRD) (ref.: drug only) | < 0.05 | ||||||
Drugs only | 33.53 | – | 27.61 | – | 24.51 | – | |
Alcohol only | 19.33 | – | 25.03 | 0.95 | 15.36 | 0.98 | |
Polysubstances | 47.14 | – | 47.36 | 0.91* | 60.13 | 0.99 | |
Number of years with SRD (measured from 1996 to 97 to 2014–15) (ref.: 1–2 years) | < 0.05 | ||||||
1–2 | 56.55 | – | 40.58 | – | 23.97 | – | |
3–5 | 26.33 | – | 33.03 | 1.55* | 38.46 | 2.15* | |
6+ | 17.12 | – | 26.39 | 1.66* | 37.57 | 2.43* | |
Principal mental disorders (MD) b (ref.: none) | < 0.05 | ||||||
None | 46.44 | – | 24.02 | – | 2.62 | – | |
Serious MD | 12.87 | – | 14.99 | 1.64* | 59.21 | 53.68* | |
Personality disorders | 7.70 | – | 12.12 | 2.21* | 16.70 | 24.85* | |
Common MD | 32.99 | – | 48.87 | 2.54* | 21.47 | 9.78* | |
Chronic physical illnesses c (ref.: none) | 26.09 | – | 46.69 | 1.80* | 47.84 | 1.54* | < 0.05 |