Consumption of pharmaceutical drugs in exception region of separation for drug prescribing and dispensing program in South Korea

Yuk, Sang Mi; Han, Kyu-Tae; Kim, Sun Jung; Kim, Woorim; Sohn, Tae Yong; Jeon, Byungyool; Kim, Young-Man; Park, Eun-Cheol

doi:10.1186/s13011-015-0032-3

Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy

Table 2 Percentages of drug consumption categorized by pharmacist and pharmacy variables, by four drug categories

From: Consumption of pharmaceutical drugs in exception region of separation for drug prescribing and dispensing program in South Korea

Variables	Antipyretic; Analgesic;				Psychotropic drugs				Adrenal cortical hormones				Antibiotics
	Anti-inflammatory drugs				Psychotropic drugs				Adrenal cortical hormones				Antibiotics
	Mean	SD	Test statistics (df)	P-Value	Mean	SD	Test statistics (df)	P-Value	Mean	SD	Test statistics (df)	P-Value	Mean	SD	Test statistics (df)	P-Value
Pharmacy characteristics
Sex of pharmacist
Male	9.86	9.46	Z = −11.6574	<.0001†	0.82	2.35	Z = 4.6	<.0001†	0.29	0.71	Z = −3.3	0.0021†	6.77	30.87	Z = 7.9	<.0001†
Female	9.03	6.46			0.91	2.47			0.28	0.68			7.24	8.71
Age of pharmacist (years)
≤45	9.20	11.17	X²(3) = 382.8	<.0001^a	0.95	2.63	X²(3) = 207.2	<.0001^a	0.32	0.73	X²(3) = 85.1	<.0001^a	8.90	32.82	X²(3) = 378.3	<.0001^a
46–55	8.72	5.99			0.98	2.35			0.26	0.55			7.00	7.96
56–65	9.30	5.88			0.89	2.68			0.26	0.60			6.01	9.07
≥66	10.75	7.04			0.60	1.83			0.30	0.87			5.44	26.32
Length of operation
≤12 months	9.94	15.77	X²(2) = 1.4	0.3231^a	0.92	2.67	X²(2) = 8.2	0.0109^a	0.35	0.96	X²(2) = 18.4	<.0001^a	10.45	56.56	X²(2) = 173.7	<.0001^a
13–24 months	9.64	6.25			0.86	2.02			0.33	0.78			7.99	8.58
≤25 months	9.32	5.86			0.86	2.41			0.27	0.62			6.17	7.66
Separation of drug prescribing and dispensing
Exception	15.21	6.31	Z = 18.5	<.0001†	0.39	1.08	Z = −15.2	<.0001†	1.09	1.55	Z = 14.0	<.0001†	6.01	8.81	Z = 2.3	0.0232†
Application	9.34	8.11			0.88	2.42			0.27	0.66			7.03	22.91
Period of exclusion for reformed program
≤18 months	9.36	8.11	Z = 16.8	<.0001†	0.87	2.42	Z = −14.1	<.0001†	0.28	0.67	Z = 12.2	<.0001†	7.02	22.87	Z = 2.8	0.0057†
≥19 months	15.69	5.63			0.34	1.12			1.10	1.57			5.76	3.61
Regional characteristics
Region
Metropolitan	9.12	6.23	Z = −10.5	<.0001†	0.86	2.60	Z = −8.1	<.0001†	0.26	0.63	Z = −11.3	<.0001†	7.00	19.34	Z = −2.0	0.0404†
Non-metropolitan	9.77	9.61			0.88	2.20			0.32	0.76			7.02	25.61
Total number of clinics in regions with pharmacies
≤60	9.53	6.19	Z = −7.5	<.0001†	0.86	2.44	Z = −3.1	0.0020†	0.29	0.71	Z = −6.5	<.0001†	6.99	16.42	Z = −3.7	0.†
≥61	9.21	12.1			0.89	2.29			0.27	0.66			7.05	35.20
Total number of pharmacies in region with pharmacies
≤45	9.45	6.20	Z = −2.2	0.0296†	0.88	2.57	Z = 0.2	0.8213†	0.30	0.69	Z = −9.2	<.0001†	7.30	16.90	Z = −13.3	<.0001†
≥46	9.45	10.93			0.85	2.06			0.26	0.71			6.44	31.08
Average per capita income in regions with pharmacies
≤38 million KRW	9.77	9.48	Z = −9.2	<.0001†	0.87	2.22	Z = −9.6	<.0001†	0.29	0.69	Z = −4.5	<.0001†	6.55	25.65	Z = 11.3	<.0001†
≥39 million KRW	9.09	6.23			0.87	2.59			0.28	0.71			7.52	18.92
Total	9.40	8.10			0.90	2.40			0.30	0.70			7.00	22.70

Note. Significant level P < 0.05. If these values were lower than 0.05, it indicated that the mean/standard deviation of drug consumption were differenced by each independent variable. KRW Republic of Korea Won, df degrees of freedom
†p for Mann–Whitney U test, Mann–Whitney U tests were used to examine differences in mean/standard deviation of drug consumption by each categorical variable as these did not have normal distribution and below than 3 groups
^ap for Kruskal-Wallis test, Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to examine differences in mean/standard deviation of drug consumption by each categorical variable as these did not have normal distribution and above than 3 groups

Back to article page

ISSN: 1747-597X

Contact us

General enquiries: journalsubmissions@springernature.com