Table 1 Background Characteristics of Study Sample at Baseline

Sociodemographic

% Male

73.1

Mean age (S.D.)

39.9 (7.8)

% Married or living with partner

16.3

% High school graduate

50.1

% Employed full time

32.0

% Currently homeless

38.1

% Have any type of health insurance

21.3

% Any type of criminal justice involvement

15.1

Drug Use, Treatment History

Mean number days smoked crack past 30 days (S.D.)

15.3 (10.4)

% Used alcohol daily past 30 days

32.8

Mean number days drank 5+ drinks past 30 days (S.D.)

11.6 (11.5)

% Used crack daily past 30 days

19.4

Mean number years crack use (S.D.)

13.1 (6.8)

% Ever in drug treatment

59.6

Mean number treatment episodes (S.D.)

1.6 (2.5)

Motivation, Readiness to Change

Mean Problem Recognition scale score (S.D.)

8.7 (2.8)

Mean Desire for Help scale score (S.D.)

6.2 (1.3)

Mean Treatment Resistance Index scale score (S.D.)

2.1 (1.4)

% in Preparation Stage of Change – alcohol use

71.6

% in Preparation Stage of Change – crack use

84.2

% in Preparation Stage of Change – treatment entry

64.3

Barriers to Treatment

% Transportation

69.7

% Childcare

8.6

% Scheduling around work, school, or family responsibilities

42.1

% Paying for treatment

75.1

% Religious, ethnic, or cultural issues

10.4

Psychological Symptoms

Mean depression scale score (S.D.)

2.3 (2.0)

Mean anxiety scale score (S.D.)

1.1 (1.2)